Osteoimmunity is involved in regulating the balance of bone remodeling and resorption, and
is essential for maintaining normal bone morphology. The interaction between immune cells …

The identification of extracellular phospholipid vesicles as conveyors of cellular information
has created excitement in the field of drug delivery. Biological therapeutics, including short …

The surface protein composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is related to the originating
cell and may play a role in vesicle function. Knowledge of the protein content of individual …

Macrophage cell fusion and multinucleation are fundamental processes in the formation of
multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in chronic inflammatory disease and osteoclasts in the …

An abundance of evidence shows supporting roles for tetraspanin proteins in human cancer.
Many studies show that the expression of tetraspanins correlates with tumour stage, tumour …

Senescent cells drive atherosclerosis at all stages and contribute to cardiovascular disease.
However, the markers in these senescent aortic plaques have not been well studied …

Monocytes and macrophages are innate immune cells with diverse functions ranging from
phagocytosis of microorganisms to forming a bridge with the adaptive immune system. A …

Fusion of macrophages leads to the formation of osteoclasts in bone and of multinucleated
giant cells in granulomas. The precise function of granuloma-associated multinucleates …

Extracellular vesicles are secreted by a wide variety of cells, and their primary functions
include intercellular communication, immune responses, human reproduction, and synaptic …

CD63, a member of transmembrane-4-superfamily of tetraspanin proteins and a highly N-
glycosylated type III lysosomal membrane protein, is known to regulate malignancy of …