Metal ions are essential for many reactions, but excess metals can be toxic. In bacteria,
metal limitation activates pathways that are involved in the import and mobilization of metals …

Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are essential for optimal innate immune function, and nutritional
deficiency in either metal leads to increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. Recently, the …

The metal binding preferences of most metalloproteins do not match their metal
requirements. Thus, metallation of an estimated 30% of metalloenzymes is aided by metal …

Copper is an important micronutrient required as a redox co-factor in the catalytic centers of
enzymes. However, free copper is a potential hazard because of its high chemical reactivity …

Copper is a metallic element that is crucial for cell metabolism; however, in extended
concentrations, it is toxic for all living organisms. The dual nature of copper has forced …

Traces of metal are required for fundamental biochemical processes, such as
photosynthesis and respiration. Cyanobacteria metal homeostasis acquires an important …

Heavy metals from various natural and anthropogenic sources are becoming a chief threat
to the aquatic system owing to their toxic and lethal effect. The treatment of such …

Cyanobacteria are key organisms in the global ecosystem, useful models for studying
metabolic and physiological processes conserved in photosynthetic organisms, and …

Highlights•The 'fight over copper and zinc'at the host–pathogen interface is
discussed.•Proteins involved in copper and zinc trafficking and sensing are …

Conspectus The human innate immune system has evolved the means to reduce the
bioavailability of first-row late d-block transition metal ions to invading microbial pathogens …