The rich structures and hierarchical organizations in nature provide many sources of
inspiration for advanced material designs. We wish to recapitulate properties such as high …

Since it was first discovered, thousands of years ago, silkworm silk has been known to be an
abundant biopolymer with a vast range of attractive properties. The utilization of silk fibroin …

Structurally coloured materials that change their colour in response to mechanical stimuli
are uniquely suited for optical sensing and visual communication,,–. The main barrier to their …

Bionic electronic skin (E-skin) that could convert external physical or mechanical stimuli into
output signals has a wide range of applications including wearable devices, artificial …

Structural color materials from existing natural organisms have been widely studied to
enable artificial manufacture. Variable iridescence has attracted particular interest because …

Bio-integrated devices need power sources to operate,. Despite widely used technologies
that can provide power to large-scale targets, such as wired energy supplies from batteries …

Silks are natural fibrous protein polymers that are spun by silkworms and spiders. Among
silk variants, there has been increasing interest devoted to the silkworm silk of B. mori, due …

Structural color materials have been studied for decades because of their fascinating
properties. Effects in this area are the trend to develop functional structural color materials …

Biosensors are extensively employed for diagnosing a broad array of diseases and
disorders in clinical settings worldwide. The implementation of biosensors at the point-of …

Through the use of the limited materials palette, optimally designed micro-and
nanostructures, and tightly regulated processes, nature demonstrates exquisite control of …