Highlights•Eyespots are diversified color pattern elements found on Nymphalid butterfly
wings.•Eyespot diversification is shaped by natural and sexual selection.•Eyespots develop …

The incredible diversity of colour patterns in coral reef fishes has intrigued biologists for
centuries. Yet, despite the many proposed explanations for this diversity in coloration …

To better understand the developmental mechanisms of color pattern variation in butterfly
wings, it is important to construct an accurate representation of pattern elements, known as …

Corals build their skeletons using extracellular calcifying fluid located in the tissue–skeleton
interface. However, the mechanism by which corals control the transport of calcium and …

Butterfly wings are covered with regularly arranged single-colored scales that are formed at
the pupal stage. Understanding pupal wing development is therefore crucial to understand …

Background Butterfly wing color patterns emerge as the result of a regular arrangement of
scales produced by epithelial scale cells at the pupal stage. These color patterns and scale …

Background The border ocellus, or eyespot, is a conspicuous color pattern element in
butterfly wings. For two decades, it has been hypothesized that transcription factors such as …

Developmental studies on wing colour patterns have been performed in nymphalid
butterflies, but efficient genetic manipulations, including mutagenesis, have not been well …

The morphology of multicellular organisms can be viewed as structures of three-dimensional
bulges and dents of an otherwise nearly two-dimensional epithelial sheet. Morphogenesis is …

Colour pattern development of butterfly wings has been studied from several different
approaches. However, developmental changes in the pupal wing tissues have rarely been …