Inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels allow K+ to move more easily into rather than out of the
cell. They have diverse physiological functions depending on their type and their location …

G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels hyperpolarize neurons in
response to activation of many different G protein-coupled receptors and thus control the …

Endocrine tumors such as aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas (APAs), a cause of
severe hypertension, feature constitutive hormone production and unrestrained cell …

Ion channels are membrane proteins that act as gated pathways for the movement of ions
across cell membranes. They play essential roles in the physiology of all cells. In recent …

▪ Abstract Guanine nucleotide binding (G) proteins relay extracellular signals encoded in
light, small molecules, peptides, and proteins to activate or inhibit intracellular enzymes and …

The capsaicin (vanilloid) receptor, VR1, is a sensory neuron-specific ion channel that serves
as a polymodal detector of pain-producing chemical and physical stimuli. The response of …

▪ Abstract Widespread cell migrations are the hallmark of vertebrate brain development. In
the early embryo, morphogenetic movements of precursor cells establish the rhombomeres …

Potassium channels play important roles in vital cellular signaling processes in both
excitable and nonexcitable cells. Over 50 human genes encoding various K+ channels have …

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are present in many tissues, including pancreatic
islet cells, heart, skeletal muscle, vascular smooth muscle, and brain, in which they couple …

G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir3/GirK) are important for
maintaining resting membrane potential, cell excitability and inhibitory neurotransmission …