The pelvic floor functions as a holistic entity. The organs, bladder, bowel, smooth and
striated muscles, nerves, ligaments and other connective tissues are directed cortically and …

The myofascial trigger point phenomenon has good face validity and is clinically relevant.
Clinicians are encouraged to consider the contribution of myofascial trigger points to the …

The following guidelines were based on MEDLINE and PUBMED searches of English
language literature, in addition to consensus conference proceedings. Levels of evidence …

Clinical guidelines for interstitial cystitis and hypersensitive bladder have been updated as
of 2015. The guidelines define interstitial cystitis by the presence of hypersensitive bladder …

Introduction The assessment of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) overactivity is part of a
comprehensive evaluation including a detailed history (medical, gynecological …

Background Pelvic floor myofascial pain, which is predominantly identified in the muscles of
the levator ani and obturator internus, has been observed in women with chronic pelvic pain …

Myofascial pelvic pain (MFPP) is a major component of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and often
is not properly identified by health care providers. The hallmark diagnostic indicator of MFPP …

Background. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a multifactorial disorder comprising
structural and functional muscular abnormalities, a dysfunctional pain system, and …

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a heterogeneous syndrome which is
usually characterized by urinary frequency, nocturia, and bladder pain. Several …

Background Myofascial pain is characterized by the presence of trigger points, tenderness to
palpation, and local or referred pain, and commonly involves the pelvic floor muscles in men …