Loss of functional β-cell mass is the key mechanism leading to the two main forms of
diabetes mellitus—type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) …

Background The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad
pharmacological potential. Among the numerous metabolic effects of GLP-1 are the glucose …

The deleterious effects of chronically elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels on glucose
homeostasis are referred to as lipotoxicity, and the concurrent exposure to high glucose may …

The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only
hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion …

Beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are inherently complex with their interrelation for
triggering the pathogenesis of diabetes also somewhat undefined. Both pathogenic states …

Diabetes is a major global problem. During the past decade, the genetic basis of various
monogenic forms of the disease, and their underlying molecular mechanisms, have been …

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by progressive autoimmune-mediated loss of
pancreatic β-cell mass via apoptosis. The onset of T1DM depends on environmental factors …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, also commonly known as the unfolded
protein response (UPR), is an adaptive response used to align ER functional capacity with …

Islets of Langerhans are fundamental in understanding diabetes. A healthy human pancreas
from a donor has been used to asses various islet parameters and their three-dimensional …

OBJECTIVE We sought to establish β-cell mass, β-cell apoptosis, and β-cell replication in
humans in response to obesity and advanced age. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS …