The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel
BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and …

Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven
serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin …

Solid tumours are innervated by nerve fibres that arise from the autonomic and sensory
peripheral nervous systems,,,–. Whether the neo-innervation of tumours by pain-initiating …

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a major therapeutic agent that is licensed in neurological
indications, such as dystonia and spasticity. The BoNT family, which is produced in nature …

Efficient penetration of cell membranes and specific targeting of a cell type represent major
challenges for developing therapeutics toward intracellular targets. One example facing …

Clostridium botulinum Group I and Clostridium sporogenes are closely related bacteria
responsible for foodborne, infant and wound botulism. A comparative genomic study with …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the etiological agents of botulism, are the deadliest toxins
known to humans. Yet, thanks to their biological and toxicological features, BoNTs have …

In this study, we characterize Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) as investigative
tools to probe botulinum neurotoxin A1 (BoNT/A1) structure and function. We identify …

Current evidence suggests that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) A1 and B1, given locally into
peripheral tissues such as skin, muscles, and joints, alter nociceptive processing otherwise …

Clostridium botulinum is the main causative agent of botulism, a neurological disease
encountered in humans as well as animals. Nine types of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) …