Dopamine is a prototypical neuromodulator that controls circuit function through G protein-
coupled receptor signalling. Neuromodulators are volume transmitters, with release followed …

Addiction is commonly identified with habitual nonmedical self-administration of drugs. It is
usually defined by characteristics of intoxication or by characteristics of withdrawal …

Dopamine (DA) transmission is governed by processes that regulate release from axonal
boutons in the forebrain and the somatodendritic compartment in midbrain, and by …

Dopamine is well recognized as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and regulates critical
functions in a variety of peripheral systems. Growing research has also shown that …

The striatum integrates information from multiple brain regions to shape motor learning. The
two major projection cell types in striatum target different downstream basal ganglia targets …

The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) controls multiple behaviors and is perturbed in several
major brain diseases. DA is released from large populations of specialized structures called …

Many lesion studies report an amazing variety of deficits in behavioral functions that cannot
possibly be encoded in great detail by the relatively small number of midbrain dopamine …

The rotarod test is widely used to evaluate the motor coordination of rodents, and is
especially sensitive in detecting cerebellar dysfunction. However, mice with striatal …

The fundamental principle that unites addictive drugs appears to be that each enhances
synaptic dopamine by means that dissociate it from normal behavioral control, so that they …

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are secreted by neurons and relay messages to target
cells. The goal of in vivo electrochemistry is to provide a real-time view of neurotransmitters …