Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) is one of the most common behavior
analytic interventions used to decrease unwanted behavior. We reviewed the DRA literature …

This paper examines the literature on the use of functional communication training (FCT) as
a treatment for problem behavior displayed by individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) …

Problem behaviors like self‐injury, aggression, or disruption will likely require intervention at
some point in the life of a person diagnosed with autism. Behavioral intervention has been …

The current study describes an assessment sequence that may be used to identify
individualized, effective, and preferred interventions for severe problem behavior in lieu of …

Functional communication training (FCT) and noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) are
commonly prescribed treatments that are based on the results of a functional analysis. Both …

Fewclinical investigations have addressed the problem of delayed reinforcement. In this
investigation, three individuals whose destructive behavior was maintained by positive …

This paper seeks to integrate Michael's (1982, 1993) discussion of the concept of the
establishing operation (EO) with existing conceptual and empirical analyses of problem …

Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) is a function-based treatment for problem behavior that
has produced robust effects across a variety of response topographies and reinforcement …

The term noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) refers to the delivery of an aberrant behavior's
known reinforcer on a response-independent basis. The typical result is a decrease in …

A meta‐analysis of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) outcomes was conducted using
hierarchical linear modeling (a) to document the effect size for decreasing problem …