Snake venoms represent a danger to human health, but also a gold mine of bioactive
proteins that can be harnessed for drug discovery purposes. The evolution of snakes and …

Venomic research, powered by techniques adapted from proteomics, transcriptomics, and
genomics, seeks to unravel the diversity and complexity of venom through which knowledge …

Theory predicts that genetic erosion in small, isolated populations of endangered species
can be assessed using estimates of neutral genetic variation, yet this widely used approach …

Venom is a complex trait with substantial inter-and intraspecific variability resulting from
strong selective pressures acting on the expression of many toxic proteins. However …

Venom is a key adaptive innovation in snakes, and how nonvenom genes were co-opted to
become part of the toxin arsenal is a significant evolutionary question. While this process …

The origin of snake venom involved duplication and recruitment of non-venom genes into
venom systems. Several studies have predicted that directional positive selection has …

Snakes are a remarkable squamate lineage with unique morphological adaptations,
especially those related to the evolution of vertebrate skeletons, organs, and sensory …

With more than 70,000 living species, vertebrates have a huge impact on the field of biology
and research, including karyotype evolution. One prominent aspect of many vertebrate …

Developmental phenotypic changes can evolve under selection imposed by age-and size-
related ecological differences. Many of these changes occur through programmed …

Understanding how regulatory mechanisms evolve is critical for understanding the
processes that give rise to novel phenotypes. Snake venom systems represent a valuable …