The principal neurons of the arousal and sleep circuits are comprised by glutamate and
GABA neurons, which are distributed within the reticular core of the brain and, through local …

Orexin-A and-B (also known as hypocretin-1 and-2) are neuropeptides produced in the
lateral hypothalamus that promote many aspects of arousal through the OX1 and OX2 …

Orexin (hypocretin) peptides and their two known G‐protein‐coupled receptors play
essential roles in sleep–wake control and powerfully influence other systems regulating …

Normal waking is associated with neuronal activity in several chemically defined ascending
arousal systems. These include monoaminergic neurons in the brainstem and posterior …

The orexin system comprises two G protein-coupled receptors, orexin 1 receptor (OX1R)
and orexin 2 receptor (OX2R), along with two endogenous agonists cleaved from a common …

The orexin peptides (orexin A, orexin B) and their receptors (orexin receptor type 1, orexin
receptor type 2) are involved in multiple physiological processes such as the regulation of …

Hypocretins (HCRTs) modulate a variety of behavioral and physiological processes, in part
via interactions with multiple ascending modulatory systems. Further, HCRT efferents from …

The primary headaches are a group of distinct individually characterized attack forms, which
although varying in presentation, share some common anatomical basis responsible for the …

Multiple homeostatic systems are regulated by orexin (hypocretin) peptides and their two
known GPCR s. Activation of orexin receptors promotes waking and is essential for …

The neuropeptides orexins and their G protein-coupled receptors, OX1 and OX2, were
discovered in 1998, and since then, their role has been investigated in many functions …