Background Transcranial direct current stimulation has shown promising clinical results,
leading to increased demand for an evidence-based review on its clinical effects. Objective …

A group of European experts was commissioned by the European Chapter of the
International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology to gather knowledge about the state of …

Transcranial electric stimulation aims to stimulate the brain by applying weak electrical
currents at the scalp. However, the magnitude and spatial distribution of electric fields in the …

Executive functions (EFs) include high-order cognitive abilities such as working memory,
inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, reasoning, and problem solving. EFs enable …

In vivo effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have attracted much attention
nowadays as this area of research spreads to both the motor and cognitive domains. The …

Effects of weak electrical currents on brain and neuronal function were first described
decades ago. Recently, DC polarization of the brain was reintroduced as a noninvasive …

This review updates and consolidates evidence on the safety of transcranial Direct Current
Stimulation (tDCS). Safety is here operationally defined by, and limited to, the absence of …

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation tool that is
now being widely used in neuroscientific and clinical research in humans. While initial …

Non-invasive brain stimulation with weak direct currents (transcranial direct current
stimulation (tDCS)) has emerged as one of the major tools to induce neuroplastic cortical …

The field of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has experienced significant growth in the
past 15 years. One of the tES techniques leading this increased interest is transcranial direct …