Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-dependent peptidase responsible for
converting angiotensin I into the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. However, ACE is a relatively …

Alterations in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) contribute to the underlying
pathophysiology of insulin resistance in humans; however, individual differences in the …

Background Although beta-adrenergic–receptor antagonists reduce morbidity and mortality
in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic heart failure, their effect on survival in patients with …

Background—There is controversy regarding the association of the angiotensin-converting
enzyme deletion-insertion (ACE D/I) polymorphism with systemic hypertension and with …

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of the ACE gene insertion (I)/deletion
(D) polymorphism on plasma ACE activity; blood pressure; and risk of myocardial infarction …

Objective This meta-analysis attempted to derive pooled estimates for the associations
between various cardiovascular-renal disorders and the deletion/insertion (D/I) …

Despite remarkable social changes in the United States during the past century, issues
related to race and ethnic background continue to permeate public discourse regarding …

Hypertension is a multifactorial disease that affects approximately one billion subjects
worldwide and is a major risk factor associated with cardiovascular events, including …

Evidence for genetic factors in the development and progression of IgA nephropathy.
Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis in the world …

HIV infection is associated with several renal syndromes, including acute renal failure.
Chronic renal failure directly linked to HIV infection includes thrombotic microangiopathic …