The majority of humanity now lives in cities or towns, with this proportion expected to
continue increasing for the foreseeable future. As novel ecosystems, urban areas offer an …

Simple Summary Cities are complex ecosystems that, while generally contributing to an
overall reduction in biodiversity, can support surprisingly unique communities of organisms …

While the contribution of biodiversity to supporting multiple ecosystem functions is well
established in natural ecosystems, the relationship of the above-and below-ground diversity …

Aim Urbanization is one of the most significant anthropogenic alterations of the surface of
the Earth and constitutes a major threat to biodiversity at the global level. Arthropods are a …

Climate change and landscape transformation have led to rapid expansion of peri-urban
areas globally, representing new 'laboratories' for the study of human–nature relationships …

Atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen is critical to the function of ecosystems and
elemental cycles. During the industrial period, humans have doubled the amount of …

Urbanization contributes to the loss of the world's biodiversity and the homogenization of its
biota. However, comparative studies of urban biodiversity leading to robust generalities of …

The development of buildings and other infrastructure in cities is viewed as a threat to local
biodiversity and ecosystem functioning because natural habitat is replaced. However, there …

The purpose of this paper is to integrate the concepts of ecosystem services and disservices
when assessing the efficacy of using urban forests for mitigating pollution. A brief review of …

Urban ecosystems are rapidly expanding throughout the world, but how urban growth affects
the evolutionary ecology of species living in urban areas remains largely unknown. Urban …