Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary factor that drives fibrosis in most, if not
all, forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the TGF-β isoform, TGF-β1, or its …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β uses several intracellular signaling pathways besides
canonical ALK5-Smad2/3 signaling to regulate a diverse array of cellular functions. Several …

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM s) are vascular malformations located within the
central nervous system often resulting in cerebral hemorrhage. Pharmacological treatment is …

Synovial fibrosis is often found in OA, contributing heavily to joint pain and joint stiffness, the
main symptoms of OA. At this moment the underlying mechanism of OA-related synovial …

Airway remodelling with subepithelial fibrosis, which abolishes the physiological functions of
the bronchial wall, is a major issue in bronchial asthma. Human bronchial fibroblasts (HBFs) …

Background and Purpose Liver fibrosis is a major cause of liver‐related mortality and, so far,
no effective antifibrotic drug is available. Galunisertib, a TGF‐β receptor type I kinase …

Rationale: Jacobsen syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder caused by deletions in the
long arm of human chromosome 11, resulting in multiple developmental defects including …

Abstract Membrane endoglin (Eng, CD105) is a transmembrane glycoprotein essential for
the proper function of vascular endothelium. It might be cleaved by matrix …

The understanding of renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains as a challenge.
More than 10% of the population of developed countries suffer from CKD. Proliferation and …

Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic and progressive renal diseases characterized by
excessive fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix accumulation, and a loss of renal …