Axial motor signs—including gait impairment, postural instability and postural abnormalities—
are common and debilitating symptoms in patients with advanced Parkinson disease …

Abstract Purpose of Review Postural instability and gait difficulties inexorably worsen with
Parkinson's disease (PD) progression and become treatment resistant, with a severe impact …

People with late-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) often suffer from debilitating locomotor
deficits that are resistant to currently available therapies. To alleviate these deficits, we …

Gait and balance disorders represent a major therapeutic challenge in Parkinson's disease
(PD). These symptoms respond poorly to dopaminergic treatments, except in the early …

Although deep brain electrical stimulation can alleviate the motor symptoms of Parkinson
disease (PD), just a small fraction of patients with PD can take advantage of this procedure …

Background Deep brain stimulation and levodopatherapy ameliorate motor manifestations
in Parkinson's disease, but their effects on axial signs are not sustained in the long term …

Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) often present with axial symptoms,
including abnormal posture, postural instability, and gait disorder. Although spinal cord …

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common and challenging clinical symptom in Parkinson's
disease. In this review, we summarise the recent insights into freezing of gait and highlight …

Spinal cord stimulation has been used for the treatment of chronic pain for decades. In 2009,
our laboratory proposed, based on studies in rodents, that electrical stimulation of the dorsal …

Axial symptoms are a late-developing phenomenon in the course of Parkinson's disease
(PD) and represent a therapeutic challenge given their poor response to levodopa therapy …