We review recent work on the role of intrinsic amygdala networks in the regulation of
classically conditioned defensive behaviors, commonly known as conditioned fear. These …

The last 10 years have witnessed a surge of interest for the mechanisms underlying the
acquisition and extinction of classically conditioned fear responses. In part, this results from …

The amygdala plays key roles in fear and anxiety. Studies of the amygdala have largely
focused on neuronal function and connectivity. Astrocytes functionally interact with neurons …

Pain perception is essential for survival and can be amplified or suppressed by
expectations, experiences, and context. The neural mechanisms underlying bidirectional …

The amygdala is essential for fear learning and expression. The central amygdala (CeA),
once viewed as a passive relay between the amygdala complex and downstream fear …

Sah, P., ESL Faber, M. Lopez de Armentia, and J. Power. The Amygdaloid Complex:
Anatomy and Physiology. Physiol Rev 83: 803–834, 2003; 10.1152/physrev. 00002.2003 …

Evidence from pioneering animal research has suggested that the amygdala is involved in
the processing of aversive stimuli, particularly fear-related information. Fear is central in the …

Fear conditioning and fear extinction are Pavlovian conditioning paradigms extensively
used to study the mechanisms that underlie learning and memory formation. The neural …

Central amygdala (CeA) projections to hypothalamic and brain stem nuclei regulate the
behavioral and physiological expression of fear, but it is unknown whether these different …

The amygdala is a temporal lobe structure that is the center of emotion processing in the
mammalian brain. Recent interest in the amygdala arises from its role in processing fear and …