Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) refer to neurocognitive abnormalities
detected during the perioperative periods, including preexisting cognitive impairment …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows through the central nervous system (CNS) via the
glymphatic pathway to clear the interstitium of metabolic waste. In preclinical studies …

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent complication in geriatric patients with hip
fractures, which is linked to poorer functional recovery, longer hospital stays, and higher …

A large interventional trial, the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial sub-study termed
Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension (SPRINT-MIND), found reduced risk of …

Background Delirium is an important risk factor for subsequent dementia. However, the field
lacks large studies with long-term follow-up of delirium in subjects initially free of dementia to …

Delirium occurring in a patient with preexisting dementia is referred to as delirium
superimposed on dementia (DSD). DSD commonly occurs in older hospitalized patients and …

INTRODUCTION A wide range of modifiable risk factors for dementia have been identified.
Considerable debate remains about these risk factors, possible interactions between them …

Introduction Delirium is associated with new onset dementia and accelerated cognitive
decline; however, its pathophysiology remains unknown. Cerebral glucose metabolism …

Background Identifying useful markers is essential for diagnosis and prevention of
perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs). Here, we attempt to understand the research …

Background Delirium is a common disorder affecting patients' psychiatric illness,
characterized by a high rate of underdiagnosis, misdiagnosis, and high risks. However …