HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein [Env; trimeric (gp160) 3 cleaved to (gp120/gp41) 3] attaches
the virion to a susceptible cell and induces fusion of viral and cell membranes to initiate …

Three-dimensional molecular structures can provide detailed information on biological
mechanisms and, for cases in which the molecular function affects human health, can …

The severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein is the target of
vaccine design efforts to end the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite …

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) spike, comprising three
gp120 and three gp41 subunits, is a conformational machine that facilitates HIV-1 entry by …

The HIV-1 envelope (Env) mediates viral entry into host cells. To enable the direct imaging
of conformational dynamics within Env, we introduced fluorophores into variable regions of …

The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer contains the receptor binding sites and
membrane fusion machinery that introduce the viral genome into the host cell. As the only …

The interaction between antibodies and antigens is one of the most important immune
system mechanisms for clearing infectious organisms from the host. Antibodies bind to …

HIV-1 entry into CD4+ target cells is mediated by cleaved envelope glycoprotein (Env)
trimers that have been challenging to characterize structurally. Here, we describe the crystal …

Chemokine receptors are critical regulators of cell migration in the context of immune
surveillance, inflammation, and development. The G protein–coupled chemokine receptor …

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 can prevent infection and are therefore of
great importance for HIV-1 vaccine design. Notably, bNAbs are highly somatically mutated …