Renewed economic interest in iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits—containing tens to
hundreds of millions of tonnes of Fe and substantial amounts of rare earth elements, P, Co …

Iron oxide–apatite (IOA) and skarn Fe deposits are important sources of Fe in China. During
the Mesozoic, a large number of large IOA and skarn Fe deposits formed in the Middle …

Abstract High-titanium (high-Ti, more than 1 wt% Ti) magnetite, commonly containing
ilmenite exsolution, has long been attributed to an igneous origin and has been used as the …

Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits, an important source of iron, show close
associations with andesitic subvolcanic intrusions. However, the processes of ore formation …

Magnetite-(apatite) ore deposits are interpreted as being formed by the crystallization of iron-
rich ultrabasic melts, dominantly generated by the interaction of silicate melts with oxidized …

The origins of Kiruna-type magnetite (-apatite)[Mt (-Ap)] deposits are contentious, with
existing models ranging from purely hydrothermal to orthomagmatic end members. Here, we …

The generation of sulfate-rich hydrothermal fluids is of great significance to investigate
because it is closely associated with the formation of many important ore deposits, such as …

Sulfate is a common and important component in the mineralizing fluids of some world-class
rare earth element (REE) deposits. However, the roles of sulfate during the transport and …

Magnetite chemistry has been widely used to distinguish igneous versus hydrothermal
origins for a range of magnetite-bearing mineral deposits. However, the origin of Ti-rich …

The origin of magnetite-(apatite) iron deposits (MtAp) is one of the most contentious issues
in ore geology with competing models that range from hydrothermal to magmatic processes …