Research on speciation and adaptive radiation has flourished during the past decades, yet
factors underlying initiation of reproductive isolation often remain unknown. Parasites …

Parasitism is a common form of life and represents a strong selective pressure for host
organisms. In response to this evolutionary pressure, vertebrates have developed …

Animals harbour diverse communities of symbiotic bacteria, which differ dramatically among
host individuals. This heterogeneity poses an immunological challenge: distinguishing …

Animal hosts must co-exist with beneficial microbes while simultaneously being able to
mount rapid, non-specific, innate immune responses to pathogenic microbes. How this …

During sexual imprinting, offspring learn parental phenotypes and then select mates who
are similar to their parents. Imprinting has been thought to contribute to the process of …

Parasite communities of fishes are known to respond directly to the abiotic environment of
the host, for example, to water quality and water temperature. Biotic factors are also …

Rapid ecological speciation along depth gradients has taken place repeatedly in freshwater
fishes, yet molecular mechanisms facilitating such diversification are typically unclear. In …

Produced amidst the still rippling effects of a pandemic and as the world experiences the
increasing burden of global warming and a rapidly changing biosphere, the second edition …

Our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms generating variation within the highly
polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes remains incomplete. Assessing …

A core goal of ecology is to understand the abiotic and biotic variables that regulate species
distributions and community composition. A major obstacle is that the rules governing …