Background Weight loss is a milestone in the prevention of chronic diseases associated with
high morbility and mortality in industrialized countries. Very-low calorie ketogenic diets …

The worldwide obesity epidemic continues unabated, adversely impacting upon global
health and economies. People with severe obesity suffer the greatest adverse health …

Summary The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the
European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) launched the Sarcopenic Obesity …

Intermittent fasting (IF) has been gaining popularity as a means of losing weight. The
Ramadan fast (RF) is a form of IF practiced by millions of adult Muslims globally for a whole …

A dysregulation between energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE), the two
components of the energy balance equation, is one of the mechanisms responsible for the …

One of the fundamental challenges in obesity research is to identify subjects prone to weight
gain so that obesity and its comorbidities can be promptly prevented or treated. The …

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a significant contributor to an individual's total energy
expenditure. As such, RMR plays an important role in body weight regulation across …

Conservation of the energy equilibrium can be considered a dynamic process and variations
of one component (energy intake or energy expenditure) cause biological and/or behavioral …

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) regulates energy expenditure (EE) and influences
weight change during low-protein overfeeding in rodent models. The change in EE after a …

Background Adaptive thermogenesis (AT) is currently defined as the fat-free mass (FFM)–
independent change in resting energy expenditure (REE) in response to caloric restriction …