Over the last decade, the application of a spectrum of molecular techniques has begun to
revolutionise our understanding of protective immune responses to ectoparasites and the …

The intimate contact between mosquitoes and the immune system of their hosts is generally
not considered important because of the transient nature of mosquito feeding. However …

During blood feeding, arthropod vectors inject saliva into vertebrate hosts. The saliva is
biochemically complex and pharmacologically active, and may play an important role in …

Several laboratory studies of malaria parasites (Plasmodium sp.) and some field
observations suggest that parasite virulence, defined as the harm a parasite causes to its …

Hematophagous vectors strictly require ingesting blood from their hosts to complete their life
cycles. Exposure of the alimentary canal of these vectors to the host immune effectors …

Culex pipiens pallens was selected with deltamethrin for 12 generations, and the LC50
value rose steadily from 0.040 mg/l to 24.660 mg/l (617 times). The biotic parameters were …

In spite of research efforts to develop vaccines against the causative agent of human
malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, effective control remains elusive. The predominant vaccine …

The ability to cryopreserve mosquitoes would revolutionize work on these vectors of major
human infectious diseases by conserving stocks, new isolates, lab-bred strains, and …

The transmission of vector-borne diseases is dependent upon the ability of the vector to
survive for longer than the period of development of the pathogen within the vector. One …

Antiserum raised against Rhodnius prolixus perimicrovillar membranes (PMM) and midgut
tissue interfered with the midgut structural organization and reduced the development of …