Microorganisms are intimately involved in many biogeochemical processes that underpin
the transformation of metals and cycling of related substances, such as metalloids and …

This review presents a summary of the research conducted thus far on the recovery of
various types of valuable metals from red mud. The composition, properties, environmental …

The transition to renewable energies and electric vehicles has triggered an unprecedented
demand for metals. Sustainable development of these technologies relies on effectively …

Rare earth elements (REEs) are an important strategic scarce resource, and how to mine
and utilise them efficiently and greenly is a difficult problem. In this study, to reduce the use …

The Photovoltaic market has been rising sharply in recent years and is expected to grow
steadily in the upcoming years. The copper-indium-gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cell has …