Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of
cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over …

Over the past 20 years, protein engineering has been extensively used to improve and
modify the fundamental properties of fluorescent proteins (FPs) with the goal of adapting …

High-speed, large-scale three-dimensional (3D) imaging of neuronal activity poses a major
challenge in neuroscience. Here we demonstrate simultaneous functional imaging of …

Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are powerful tools for systems
neuroscience. Here we describe red, single-wavelength GECIs,“RCaMPs,” engineered from …

We report an intensiometric, near-infrared fluorescent, genetically encoded calcium ion
(Ca2+) indicator (GECI) with excitation and emission maxima at 678 and 704 nm …

Sensory stimulation evokes intracellular calcium signals in astrocytes; however, the timing of
these signals is disputed. Here, we used novel combinations of genetically encoded calcium …

Fluorescent Ca2+ reporters are widely used as readouts of neuronal activities. Here we
designed R-CaMP2, a high-affinity red genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) with a …

Rabies viruses, negative-strand RNA viruses, infect neurons through axon terminals and
spread trans-synaptically in a retrograde direction between neurons. Rabies viruses whose …

Imaging the activities of individual neurons with genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators
(GECIs) is a promising method for understanding neuronal network functions. Here, we …

It has been suggested that, in states of arousal, release of noradrenaline and β-adrenergic
signalling affect long-term memory formation by stimulating astrocytic lactate production from …