Standard area diagrams (SAD) have long been used as a tool to aid the estimation of plant
disease severity, an essential variable in phytopathometry. Formal validation of SAD was not …

Background Despite technical improvements in the citrus chain and leadership in orange
production achieved in the past decades, premature fruit drop remains a major component …

The control of citrus black spot (CBS) caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa relies mainly on
fungicide sprays. Generally, high and non-standardized spray volumes are adopted and the …

Guignardia citricarpa, the causal agent of citrus black spot (CBS), forms ascospores and
conidia in citrus leaf litter and only conidia on fruit and twigs. The objective of this work was …

Guignardia citricarpa, the causal agent of citrus black spot, forms airborne ascospores on
decomposing citrus leaves and water‐spread conidia on fruits, leaves and twigs. The spatial …

Three diagrammatic grading keys were designed for the assessment of the severity of late
blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) in tomato leaves. Simplified and broad keys …

Due to the lack of a standardized visual method for assessing bacterial blight (P
seudomonas syringae pv. garcae) in coffee leaves, a diagrammatic scale was developed …

Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer. Brown eye spot (BES)(Cercospora coffeicola) is
a major crop disease that can cause 15–30% production losses and decrease the coffee …

Citrus black spot (CBS) may cause substantial yield loss in sweet orange orchards. Severity
and distribution of CBS symptoms on fruit may be variable and not all affected fruit may fall …

Citrus black spot (CBS) symptom expression on sweet oranges has been reported to be
affected by the fruit developmental stage and inoculum concentration in greenhouse …