Organotypic models of patient-specific tumours are revolutionizing our understanding of
cancer heterogeneity and its implications for personalized medicine. These advancements …

Decades of efforts in engineering in vitro cancer models have advanced drug discovery and
the insight into cancer biology. However, the establishment of preclinical models that enable …

The tumor microenvironment contributes significantly to tumor initiation, progression, and
resistance to chemotherapy. Much of our understanding of the tumor and its …

Establishing a valid in vitro model to represent tumor heterogeneity and biology is critical but
challenging. Tumor organoids are self‐assembled three‐dimensional cell clusters which are …

YAP1 is a transcriptional coactivator regulated by the Hippo signaling pathway, including
NF2. Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors; a large percentage exhibit …

Functional precision medicine is a new, emerging area that can guide cancer treatment by
capturing information from direct perturbations of tumor-derived, living cells, such as by drug …

Tumor tissue engineering holds great promise for replicating the physiological and
behavioral characteristics of tumors in vitro. Advances in this field have led to new …

Microscale surgery on single cells and small organisms has enabled major advances in
fundamental biology and in engineering biological systems. Examples of applications range …

As a reductionist approach, patient‐derived in vitro tumor models are inherently still too
simplistic for personalized drug testing as they do not capture many characteristics of the …

Patient-derived tumour organoids (PDOs) have revolutionised our understanding of cancer
biology and the applications of personalised therapies. These advancements are principally …