Tryptophan (TRP), an essential amino acid in mammals, is involved in several physiological
processes including neuronal function, immunity, and gut homeostasis. In humans, TRP is …

In recent decades, neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder,
schizophrenia, bipolar, etc., have become a global health concern, causing various …

Diabetes and diabetic complications are considered as leading causes of both morbidity
and mortality in the world. Unfortunately, routine medical treatments used for affected …

Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, is a hormone that synchronizes the internal
environment with the photoperiod. It is synthesized in the pineal gland and greatly depends …

Melatonin is a pleiotropic hormone synthesized and secreted mainly by the pineal gland in
vertebrates. Melatonin is an endogenous regulator of circadian and seasonal rhythms …

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus with a
high incidence. Oxidative stress, which is a crucial pathophysiological pathway of DPN, has …

Melatonin is the main hormone involved in the control of the sleep-wake cycle. It is easily
synthesisable and can be administered orally, which has led to interest in its use as a …

Night-shift work and sleep disorders are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and
circadian rhythm disruption is intrinsically involved. Studies have identified several signaling …

Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and
an extensive array of other symptoms including disordered sleep, fatigue, depression and …

Although exogenous melatonin supplementation has been suggested to be effective for
episodic migraine prophylaxis, there is no conclusive evidence comparing the efficacy of …