Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible intracellular enzyme that is expressed in
response to a variety of stimuli to degrade heme, which generates the biologically active …

In contrast to their role in cell types with higher energy demands, mitochondria in endothelial
cells primarily function in signaling cellular responses to environmental cues. This article …

Objectives N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) is a clinically approved thiol‐containing redox
modulatory compound currently in trials for many neurological and psychiatric disorders …

Bioenergetic dysfunction is emerging as a cornerstone for establishing a framework for
understanding the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and …

Mitochondria are perhaps the most sophisticated and dynamic responsive sensing systems
in eukaryotic cells. The role of mitochondria goes beyond their capacity to create molecular …

In a complex system of interrelated reactions, the heart converts chemical energy to
mechanical energy. Energy transfer is achieved through coordinated activation of enzymes …

Deregulation of autophagy is proposed to play a key pathogenic role in hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary malignancy of the liver and the third leading …

It has been established that the key metabolic pathways of glycolysis and oxidative
phosphorylation are intimately related to redox biology through control of cell signaling …

Hemolysis is a pathological feature of several diseases of diverse etiology such as
hereditary anemias, malaria, and sepsis. A major complication of hemolysis involves the …

Redox networks in the cell integrate signaling pathways that control metabolism, energetics,
cell survival, and death. The physiological second messengers that modulate these …