Roughly one quarter of all genes code for integral membrane proteins that are inserted into
the plasma membrane of prokaryotes or the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, dynamic, and multifunctional organelle. ER
protein homeostasis is essential for the coordination of its diverse functions and depends on …

In the mitochondrial outer membrane, α-helical transmembrane proteins play critical roles in
cytoplasmic-mitochondrial communication. Using genome-wide CRISPR screens, we …

Protein homeostasis mechanisms are fundamentally important to match cellular needs and
to counteract stress conditions. A fundamental challenge is to understand how defective …

The infection of mammalian cells by viruses and innate immune responses to infection are
spatiotemporally organized processes. Cytosolic RNA sensors trigger nuclear translocation …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of membrane protein insertion, folding, and
assembly in eukaryotes. Over the past few years, a combination of genetic and biochemical …

Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) plays indispensable roles in many
physiological processes; however, the nature of endogenous substrates remains largely …

Protein translocases, such as the bacterial SecY complex, the Sec61 complex of the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondrial translocases, facilitate the transport of …

The biosynthesis of thousands of proteins requires targeting a signal sequence or
transmembrane segment (TM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These hydrophobic ɑ …

MHC antigen presentation plays a fundamental role in adaptive and semi-invariant T cell
immunity. Distinct MHC molecules bind antigens that differ in chemical structure, origin and …