The origin of life is one of the most fundamental questions of humanity. It has been and is
still being addressed by a wide range of researchers from different fields, with different …

We describe the history and features of the Ladder of Life Detection, a tool intended to guide
the design of investigations to detect microbial life within the practical constraints of robotic …

Earth's subsurface is often isolated from phototrophic energy sources and characterized by
chemotrophic modes of life. These environments are often oligotrophic and limited in …

This chapter will: introduce the Generic Foresight Process framework; examine a variety of
different types of futures thinking;'locate'the use of macrohistorical models within the broader …

Quantitative physicochemical perspective on life processes has been a great asset, in
bioengineering and biotechnology. The quantitative physicochemical approach can be …

Living systems are built from a small subset of the atomic elements, including the bulk
macronutrients (C, H, N, O, P, S) and ions (Mg, K, Na, Ca) together with a small but variable …

Jupiter's moon Europa is thought to have an ocean beneath its ice shell and the habitability
of the internal ocean depends on the availability of redox gradients. Downward transport of …

Impacts into icy bodies often generate near‐surface melt chambers and thermal
perturbations that soften the ice. We explore the post‐impact evolution of non‐penetrating …

We present a case for the exploration of Venus as an astrobiology target—(1) investigations
focused on the likelihood that liquid water existed on the surface in the past, leading to the …

Historical field systems are an essential part of the traditional cultural landscape of societies
with primarily agricultural subsistence. They embody many functions and values, as they …