H+-ATPases, including the phosphorylated intermediate–type (P-type) and vacuolar-type (V-
type) H+-ATPases, are important ATP-driven proton pumps that generate membrane …

CLC anion transporters are found in all phyla and form a gene family of eight members in
mammals. Two CLC proteins, each of which completely contains an ion translocation …

Soil salinity is destroying arable land and is considered to be one of the major threats to
global food security in the 21st century. Therefore, the ability of naturally salt-tolerant …

Luminal pH and the distinctive distribution of phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipids are
central identifying features of organelles in all eukaryotic cells that are also critical for …

V-ATPase is the dominant proton pump in plant cells. It contributes to cytosolic pH
homeostasis and energizes transport processes across endomembranes of the secretory …

The chloride-proton exchanger CLC-7 plays critical roles in lysosomal homeostasis and
bone regeneration and its mutation can lead to osteopetrosis, lysosomal storage disease …

Biochemical and electrophysiological studies on plant vacuolar transporters became
feasible in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when methods to isolate large quantities of intact …

The phosphatase FIG4 and the scaffold protein VAC14 function in the biosynthesis of PI (3,
5) P2, a signaling lipid that inhibits the lysosomal chloride transporter ClC-7. Loss-of …

Degradative organelles contain enzymes that function optimally at the acidic pH generated
by the V-ATPase. The resulting transmembrane H+ gradient also energizes the secondary …

Vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase, VHA) is a highly conserved, ATP-
driven multisubunit proton pump that is widely distributed in all eukaryotic cells. V-ATPase …