Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Biological membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex in terms of molecular
composition and structure, functional over a wide range of time scales, and characterized by …

Hedgehog protein signals mediate tissue patterning and maintenance by binding to and
inactivating their common receptor Patched, a 12-transmembrane protein that otherwise …

Low-density lipoprotein particles are taken up by cells and delivered to the lysosome where
their cholesterol esters are cleaved off by acid lipase. The released, free cholesterol is then …

Lysosomal cholesterol egress requires two proteins, NPC1 and NPC2, whose defects are
responsible for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). Here, we present systematic structural …

Mitochondrial preproteins synthesized in cytosol are imported into mitochondria by a
multisubunit translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex. Functioned as the receptor …

Hedgehog (HH) signalling governs embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis in
mammals and other multicellular organisms,–. Whereas deficient HH signalling leads to …

Gram‐negative bacteria are intrinsically resistant against cytotoxic substances by means of
their outer membrane and a network of multidrug efflux systems, acting in synergy. Efflux …

Cellular membranes are not homogenous mixtures of proteins; rather, they are segregated
into microdomains on the basis of preferential association between specific lipids and …

Abstract Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD)
characterized by the buildup of endo-lysosomal cholesterol and glycosphingolipids due to …