Eukaryotic cells can die from physical trauma, which results in necrosis. Alternatively, they
can die through programmed cell death upon the stimulation of specific signalling pathways …

Biofilm formation is often considered the underlying reason why treatment with an
antimicrobial agent fails and as an estimated 65–80% of all human infections is thought to …

Acute infections caused by pathogenic bacteria have been studied extensively for well over
100 years. These infections killed millions of people in previous centuries, but they have …

It has become evident that aggregation or biofilm formation is an important survival
mechanism for bacteria in almost any environment. In this review, we summarize recent …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a common colonizer of the human
nasopharynx. Despite a low rate of invasive disease, the high prevalence of colonization …

While significant protection from pneumococcal disease has been achieved by the use of
polysaccharide and polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines, capsule-independent …

Biofilms of pathogenic bacteria are present on the middle ear mucosa of children with
chronic otitis media (COM) and may contribute to the persistence of pathogens and the …

The discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps in 2004 opened a fascinating new chapter in
immune‐mediated microbial killing. Brinkman et al. demonstrated that neutrophils, when …

The human nasopharynx is the main reservoir for Streptococcus pneumoniae (the
pneumococcus) and the source for both horizontal spread and transition to infection. Some …

The Pneumococcal serine-rich repeat protein (PsrP) is a pathogenicity island encoded
adhesin that has been positively correlated with the ability of Streptococcus pneumoniae to …