Over the past 20 years, the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) has regularly published and
annually updated a global strategy for asthma management and prevention that has formed …

Background: Given the rising incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) globally,
especially bronchial asthma, there is the need to reduce the associated morbidity and …

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) consists of a combination of classical symptoms and signs, and the evidence of …

Introduction People with COPD rarely have COPD alone, and the commonest co-morbidities
occurring with COPD are cardiovascular. Whilst multiple studies have explored the …

Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are major contributors to global deaths [1].
Although low lung function is a risk factor for early death, like hypertension and …

Purpose Clinical diagnosis of severe asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD)
remains a challenge and often flawed with lack of objective confirmation of airflow …

Background: Spirometry is the 'gold standard'for diagnosing asthma and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) but is rarely used in general practice. Aims: To compare doctor …

This meta-analysis of observational studies aimed at estimating the overall prevalence of
overdiagnosis and overtreatment in subjects with a clinical diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive …

Chronic dyspnoea, or breathlessness for more than four weeks duration, is a common
symptom in adults presenting to primary and tertiary care. It often presents a diagnostic …

Background: The literature shows that delayed or erroneous diagnosis of respiratory
conditions may be common in primary care due to underuse of spirometry or poor …