Many attempts have been made to localize the physical trace of a memory, or engram, in the
brain. However, until recently, engrams have remained largely elusive. In this Review, we …

Neuromodulation (neurostimulation) is a relatively new and rapidly growing treatment for
refractory epilepsy. Three varieties are approved in the US: vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) …

Super-refractory status epilepticus is defined as status epilepticus that continues or recurs
24 h or more after the onset of anaesthetic therapy, including those cases where status …

The anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT) is a key component of the hippocampal system for
episodic memory. The ANT consist of 3 subnuclei with distinct connectivity with the subicular …

BACKGROUND: Subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is being
investigated as a treatment for major depression. We report on the effects of ventromedial …

In 1904, Richard Semon introduced the term “engram” to describe the neural substrate
responsible for (or at least important in) storing and recalling memories (ie, a memory trace) …

Antiepileptic drugs prevent morbidity and death in a large number of patients suffering from
epilepsy. However, it is estimated that approximately 30% of epileptic patients will not have …

The standard pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's disease using the dopamine
precursor levodopa is unfortunately limited by gradual development of disabling involuntary …

Background Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is an
emerging therapy for refractory focal epilepsy. However, the most optimal target for …

We assess and compare the effects of both closed-loop and open-loop neurostimulation of
the rat hippocampus by means of a custom low-power programmable therapeutic …