Until now, most brain studies have focused on small numbers of neurons that interact in
limited circuits, allowing analysis of individual computations or steps of neural processing …

Animal locomotion is the result of complex and multi-layered interactions between the
nervous system, the musculo-skeletal system and the environment. Decoding the underlying …

Single-cell RNA sequencing data can unveil the molecular diversity of cell types. Cell type
atlases of the mouse spinal cord have been published in recent years but have not been …

Interactions between cervical and lumbar spinal circuits are mediated by long propriospinal
neurons (LPNs). Ablation of descending LPNs in mice disturbs left-right coordination at high …

Locomotion empowers animals to move. Locomotor-initiating signals from the brain are
funneled through descending neurons in the brainstem that act directly on spinal locomotor …

Spinal interneurons are important facilitators and modulators of motor, sensory, and
autonomic functions in the intact CNS. This heterogeneous population of neurons is now …

Key points Quadrupeds express different gaits depending on speed of locomotion. Central
pattern generators (one per limb) within the spinal cord generate locomotor oscillations and …

Systematic research on the physiological and anatomical characteristics of spinal cord
interneurons along with their functional output has evolved for more than one century …

Like the vertebrate spinal cord, the insect ventral nerve cord (VNC) mediates limb sensation
and motor control. Here, we applied automated tools for electron microscopy (EM) volume …

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are generally defined as networks of neurons capable of
enabling the production of central commands, specifically controlling stereotyped, rhythmic …