Abstract RAS (KRAS, NRAS and HRAS) is the most frequently mutated gene family in
cancers, and, consequently, investigators have sought an effective RAS inhibitor for more …

RAS proteins are binary switches, cycling between ON and OFF states during signal
transduction. These switches are normally tightly controlled, but in RAS-related diseases …

RAS genes are the most commonly mutated oncogenes in cancer, but effective therapeutic
strategies to target RAS-mutant cancers have proved elusive. A key aspect of this challenge …

Despite more than three decades of intensive effort, no effective pharmacological inhibitors
of the RAS oncoproteins have reached the clinic, prompting the widely held perception that …

KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer. In addition to holding this
distinction, unsuccessful attempts to target this protein have led to the characterization of …

RAF family kinases were among the first oncoproteins to be described more than 30 years
ago. They primarily act as signalling relays downstream of RAS, and their close ties to …

The mechanism by which the wild-type KRAS allele imparts a growth inhibitory effect to
oncogenic KRAS in various cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), is poorly …

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Son of Sevenless (SOS) is a key Ras
activator that is autoinhibited in the cytosol and activates upon membrane recruitment …

Ras proteins are classical members of small GTPases that function as molecular switches by
alternating between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states. Ras activation is …

Rat sarcoma (Ras) GTPases regulate cell proliferation and survival through effector
pathways including Raf-MAPK, and are the most frequently mutated genes in human cancer …