Optical atomic clocks represent the state of the art in the frontier of modern measurement
science. In this article a detailed review on the development of optical atomic clocks that are …

Interference with atomic and molecular matter waves is a rich branch of atomic physics and
quantum optics. It started with atom diffraction from crystal surfaces and the separated …

In the last ten years extraordinary results in time and frequency metrology have been
demonstrated. Frequency-stabilization techniques for continuous-wave lasers and …

We have measured the absolute frequency of the optical lattice clock based on 87 Sr at PTB
with an uncertainty of $3.9\times {{10}^{-16}} $ using two caesium fountain clocks. This is …

We have achieved Bose-Einstein condensation of Ca 40, the first for an alkaline earth
element. The influence of elastic and inelastic collisions associated with the large ground …

We present a detailed experimental and theoretical study of the effect of nuclear spin on the
performance of optical lattice clocks. With a state-mixing theory including spin-orbit and …

We have determined the frequency shift that blackbody radiation is inducing on the 5 s 2 S 0
1–5 s 5 p<? format?> P 0 3 clock transition in strontium. Previously its uncertainty limited the …

We devise a perturbation-immune version of Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory
fields. Spectroscopy of an atomic clock transition without compromising the clock's accuracy …

Aided by ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy, the overall systematic uncertainty of the S 0 1-P
0 3 clock resonance for lattice-confined Sr 87 has been characterized to 9× 10-16. This …

We report a novel mounting of the reference cavity used for stabilization of the clock laser in
an optical frequency standard. The cavity axis is oriented horizontally and the cavity is …