Background Haemoglobinopathies constitute the commonest recessive monogenic
disorders worldwide, and the treatment of affected individuals presents a substantial global …

The Fertile Crescent, its hilly flanks and surrounding drylands has been a critical region for
studying how climate has influenced societal change, and this review focuses on the region …

The cities of the Indus civilization were expansive and planned with large-scale architecture
and sophisticated Bronze Age technologies. Despite these hallmarks of social complexity …

In the millennium after 300 BC, the western Indian Ocean emerged as a main hub of Old
World exchange. Study of this commerce long depended on separate regional …

In the third millennium BC, the Indus Civilization flourished in northwest India and Pakistan.
The late mature phase (2200-1900 BC) was characterized by long-distance exchange …

The growth of cities in antiquity is paradoxical: before modern health and sanitation
standards, early urban dwellers suffered high mortality as a result of epidemics and chronic …

Riverine water exposed to heavy metals (HMs) pollution is a major concern in the world
because of its serious effects on ecosystem and human health. This study assessed the …

Just as modern nation-states struggle to manage the cultural and economic impacts of
migration, ancient civilizations dealt with similar external pressures and set policies to …

Abstract Cotton (Gossypium sp.), a plant of tropical and sub-tropical origin, appeared at
several sites on the Arabian Peninsula at the end of the 1st mill. BCE-beginning of the 1st …

This study presents the mineralogy and strontium isotope ratio (87 Sr/86 Sr) of 21
pathological biominerals (bladder and kidney stones) collected from patients admitted …