Despite the ubiquitous nature of parasitism, how parasitism alters the outcome of host–
species interactions such as competition, mutualism and predation remains unknown. Using …

Coral disease is becoming increasingly problematic on reefs worldwide. However, most
coral disease research has focused on the abiotic drivers of disease, potentially overlooking …

All coral reef organisms are susceptible to diseases, as are terrestrial organisms, but
studying these diseases can be more difficult and much remains to be learned. Although …

In studies of habitat-forming species, those that are not spatially dominant are often
considered “non-primary” habitat and may be overlooked. This is despite the fact that …

Coral disease has progressively become one of the most pressing issues affecting coral reef
survival. In the last 50 years, several reefs throughout the Caribbean have been severely …

Cnidarians rely on the innate immune defenses based on self/non-self recognition, signaling
and effector responses to kill pathogens and heal wounds. Like other invertebrates, the …

Like scleractinian corals, soft corals contain photosymbionts (Family Symbiodiniaceae) that
provide energy for the host. Recent thermal events have resulted in soft coral bleaching in …

Dendronephthya australis, an Endangered soft coral primarily found in the central coast
region of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, is in rapid decline. The largest known …

Cnidarians comprise a diverse and phylogenetically basal phylum, some of which—such as
scleractinian corals (Anthozoa)—are responsible for the formation and maintenance of …

Soft corals (Octocorallia) often constitute the second most abundant macrobenthic group on
many tropical and temperate reefs. However, the gelatinous and leather-like nature of their …