Simple Summary A brief description of the methodologies to simulate ionizing radiation
transport in biologically relevant matter is presented. Emphasis is given to the physical …

Radiotherapy is a key pillar of solid cancer treatment. Despite high level of conformal dose
deposition, radiotherapy is limited due to co-irradiation of organs-at risk and subsequent …

The TOPAS Monte Carlo (MC) system is used in radiation therapy and medical imaging
research, having played a significant role in making Monte Carlo simulations widely …

Oxygen plays a critical role in determining the initial DNA damages induced by ionizing
radiation. It is important to mechanistically model the oxygen effect in the water radiolysis …

FLASH radiotherapy delivers a high dose (≥ 10 Gy) at a high rate (≥ 40 Gy/s). In this way,
particles are delivered in pulses as short as a few nanoseconds. At that rate, intertrack …

Radiobiological modelling has been a key part of radiation biology and therapy for many
decades, and many aspects of clinical practice are guided by tools such as the linear …

Dose in proton radiotherapy is generally prescribed by scaling the physical proton dose by a
constant value of 1.1. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is defined as the ratio of doses …

Purpose The simulation of individual particle tracks and the chemical stage following water
radiolysis in biological tissue is an effective means of improving our knowledge of the …

This paper demonstrates the impact of the pre-chemical stage, especially the dissociation
scheme and the associated probabilities, on water radiolysis simulation using the Geant4 …

Our understanding of radiation-induced cellular damage has greatly improved over the past
few decades. Despite this progress, there are still many obstacles to fully understand how …