Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus, spread by the bite of carrier Culex
mosquitoes. The subsequent disease caused is Japanese encephalitis (JE), which is the …

Abstract The flaviviruses dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis represent three
major mosquito-borne viruses worldwide. These pathogens impact the lives of millions of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that is characterized by demyelination and
axonal damage in the central nervous system. Cognitive deficits are recognized as one of …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-18 is a cytokine isolated as an important modulator of immune
responses and subsequently shown to be pleiotropic. IL-18 and its receptors are expressed …

West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging flavivirus capable of infecting the central nervous
system (CNS) and mediating neuronal cell death and tissue destruction. The processes that …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative
disease with clinical characteristics of memory loss, dementia and cognitive impairment …

Neuroinfections of the central nervous system (CNS) can be triggered by various pathogens.
Viruses are the most widespread and have the potential to induce long-term neurologic …

Neuroinflammation is a complex innate response of neural tissue against harmful effects of
diverse stimuli viz., pathogens, damaged cells and irritants within the Central Nervous …

Background Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS)
locally maintained through colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling. Microglial …

Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) cause variable outcomes from acute to
severe neurological sequelae with increased morbidity and mortality. Viral neuroinvasion …