This review is directed at understanding how neuronal death occurs in two distinct insults,
global ischemia and focal ischemia. These are the two principal rodent models for human …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates energy metabolism and feeding
behavior. As a neurotrophin, BDNF promotes neuronal differentiation, survival during early …

Neurotrophins protect neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity, but the signaling
mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We studied the role of the phosphatidylinositol …

Intermittent hypoxia causes a form of serotonin-dependent synaptic plasticity in the spinal
cord known as phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF). Here we show that increased synthesis …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to the neurotrophin family which interacts
with high-affinity protein kinase receptors (Trk) and the unselective p75NGFR receptor. The …

Vascular dementia (VD) is defined as a progressive neurodegenerative disease of cognitive
decline, attributable to cerebrovascular factors. Numerous studies have demonstrated that …

The mechanisms which lead to secondary brain damage following transient ischaemia are
incompletely defined. As discussed in this hypothesis article, the events which lead to such …

Ischemic neuronal death causes serious lifelong neurological deficits; however, there is no
proven effective treatment that can prevent neuronal death after the ischemia. We …

Transient global ischemia selectively damages neurons in specific brain areas. A
reproducible pattern of selective vulnerability is observed in the dorsal hippocampus of …

Neurotrophins such as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are reportedly related
to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies have revealed an …