Background Opioids are effective for acute and chronic pain conditions, but their use is
associated with often difficult‐to‐manage constipation and other gastrointestinal (GI) effects …

Opioid receptors are widely distributed in the human body and are crucially involved in
numerous physiological processes. These include pain signaling in the central and the …

Opioid analgesics are frequently prescribed in the United States and worldwide. However,
serious comorbidities, such as dependence, tolerance, immunosuppression and …

Rationale: TRV130 (oliceridine; N-[(3-methoxythiophen-2-yl) methyl]-2-[(9 R)-9-pyridin-2-yl-
6-oxaspiro [4.5] decan-9-yl] ethanamine) is a novel mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist that …

Opiates are among the most prescribed drugs for pain management. However, morphine
use or abuse results in significant gut bacterial translocation and predisposes patients to …

There is growing appreciation for the importance of gastrointestinal microbiota in many
physiological and pathophysiological processes. While morphine and other narcotics are …

Opioid drugs have powerful antidiarrheal effects and many patients taking these drugs for
chronic pain relief experience chronic constipation that can progress to opioid-induced …

Gut homeostasis plays an important role in maintaining animal and human health. The
disruption of gut homeostasis has been shown to be associated with multiple diseases. The …

Opioid drugs are prescribed extensively for pain treatment but when used chronically they
induce constipation that can progress to opioid-induced bowel dysfunction. Opioid drugs …

With the recent introduction and approval of medications directed at the treatment of opioid
induced constipation (OIC) in patients with nonmalignant pain, there is increased interest …