Tumor vascularization occurs through several distinct biological processes, which not only
vary between tumor type and anatomic location, but also occur simultaneously within the …

Immunotherapy is a clinically validated treatment for many cancers to boost the immune
system against tumor growth and dissemination. Several strategies are used to harness …

Hepatic fibrogenesis is a pathophysiological outcome of chronic liver injury hallmarked by
excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Fibrosis is a dynamic process that …

Chemokines are a large family of small chemotactic cytokines that coordinates immune cell
trafficking. In cancer, they have a pivotal role in the migration pattern of immune cells into the …

Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that control the migration of cells between tissues
and the positioning and interactions of cells within tissue. The chemokine superfamily …

Oncogene activation and tumor-suppressor gene inactivation are considered as the main
causes driving the transformation of normal somatic cells into malignant tumor cells. Cancer …

[Frontiers in Bioscience 13, 453-461, January 1, 2008] 453 Macrophage activation and
polarization Fernando Oneissi Martinez1, A Page 1 [Frontiers in Bioscience 13, 453-461, January …

Inflammation is usually analysed from the perspective of tissue-infiltrating leukocytes.
Microvascular endothelial cells at a site of inflammation are both active participants in and …

Chemokines and their receptors play a key role in development and homeostasis as well as
in the pathogenesis of tumors and autoimmune diseases. Chemokines are involved in the …

Chemokines, or chemotactic cytokines, and their receptors have been discovered as
essential and selective mediators in leukocyte migration to inflammatory sites and to …