Endogenous adenosine is a widely distributed upstream regulator of a broad spectrum of
neurotransmitters, receptors, and signaling pathways that converge to contribute to the …

Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) is a critical component of the brain circuitry regulating behavioral
activation and effort-related processes. Although nucleus accumbens (NAc) DA depletions …

Abstract Kyowa Hakko Kirin is developing istradefylline, a selective adenosine A 2A receptor
antagonist, for the once-daily oral treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Adenosine A 2A …

Brain dopamine (DA) and adenosine interact in the regulation of behavioral activation and
effort-related processes. In the present studies, a T-maze task was developed in mice for the …

Nucleus accumbens dopamine (DA) is a critical component of the brain circuitry regulating
work output in reinforcement-seeking behavior and effort-related choice behavior. Moreover …

Standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is L-DOPA, but with chronic administration
the majority of patients develop L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Emerging evidence …

Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) is a critical component of the brain circuitry regulating behavioral
activation and effort-related processes. Rats with impaired DA transmission reallocate their …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that leads to significant
morbidity and disability. PD is caused by a loss of dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonergic …

Abstract Rationale Adenosine A 2A antagonists can reverse many of the behavioral effects
of dopamine antagonists, including actions on instrumental behavior. However, little is …

Forebrain dopamine (DA) is a critical component of the brain circuitry regulating behavioral
activation. Adenosine A2A antagonists reverse many of the behavioral effects of DA …