Different stimuli can polarize macrophages into two basic types, M1 and M2. Tumor-
associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are composed of …

Radiotherapy (RT), including external beam RT and internal radiation therapy, uses high-
energy ionizing radiation to kill tumor cells. However, ionizing radiation inevitably damages …

Abstract N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most universal internal modification
in eukaryotic mRNA. With elaborate functions executed by m6A writers, erasers, and …

Macrophages are one of the most important cells in the innate immune system, they are
converted into two distinct subtypes with completely different molecular phenotypes and …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most malignant tumors, is characterized by its
stubborn immunosuppressive microenvironment. As one of the main members of the tumor …

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are neoplasms derived from the endocrine cells of the anterior
pituitary gland. Most frequently, they are benign tumors, but may sometimes display an …

Lactate, traditionally regarded as a metabolic waste product at the terminal of the glycolysis
process, has recently been found to have multifaceted functional roles in metabolism and …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease accompanied by metabolic alterations.
The metabolic profiles of patients with RA can be determined using targeted and non …

Abstract Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) has been found to play an essential part in proliferation
and metastasis of numerous cancers, but related mechanism has not been elucidated …

Metabolic reprogramming is one of fourteen hallmarks of tumor cells, among which aerobic
glycolysis, often known as the “Warburg effect,” is essential to the fast proliferation and …