Both epidemiological and clinical evidence suggest relationships between the antenatal
environment and the risk of developing insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular …

Fetal growth is determined by the interaction between the environment and the fetal
genome. The fetal environment, in turn, is determined by the maternal environment and by …

The major non-genetic factor determining the size of the fetus at term is maternal constraint.
This term refers to a set of poorly defined processes by which maternal and uteroplacental …

Fetal growth is largely determined by the availability of nutrients to the fetus. The fetus is at
the end of a supply line that ensures delivery of nutrients from the maternal/uterine …

The aim of the study was 1) to evaluate the association of maternal serum levels of placental
GH and IGF-I with fetal growth, and 2) to establish reference data for placental GH, IGF-I, and …

This study was designed to characterize conceptus development based on pre-and
postnatal measurements of in vivo-and in vitro-derived bovine pregnancies. In vivo …

Regulation of growth of the fetus and its placenta begins before pregnancy. Early in
pregnancy the mother sets the rate of growth of the fetus on a trajectory, which may be …

Maternal insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) play a pivotal role in modulating fetal growth via
their actions on both the mother and the placenta. Circulating IGFs influence maternal tissue …

The growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is one of the main drivers of
mammalian growth and development. Pituitary secretion of GH is pulsatile and under …

In recent years, growth factor therapy has emerged as a potential treatment for ischemic
brain injury. The efficacy of therapies that either directly introduce or stimulate local …